Gymnosperms

Phylogeny of Gymnospermae

Info to cladogram

• Extinct lineages are not shown.
• Phylogeny and years after Lu et al., 2014.
• According Lu et al., 2014 are all members of Gnetales part of Pinales after Christenhusz et al (2011), so we used names of classes in our cladogram, because Gnetales could not be member of Pinales.

Table of families

Info	Order	Family	Genus	Species	Distribution	Habitus
info F	Cycadales	Cycadaceae	1	92	E. Africa and Madagascar, South East Asia to Japan, N. Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga	dioecious palm-like herbs or "trees"
info G	Cycadales	Cycadaceae	Cycas	100	E. Africa and Madagascar, South East Asia to Japan, N. Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga	dioecious palm-like herbs or "trees"
info F	Cycadales	Zamiaceae	9	216	tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Australia and Americas	dioecious palm-like herbs or "trees"
info G	Cycadales	Zamiaceae	Dioon	14	Mexico and Central America	dioecious palm-like herbs or "trees"
info G	Cycadales	Zamiaceae	Bowenia	2	N.E. Australia	dioecious palm-like herbs or "trees"
info G	Cycadales	Zamiaceae	Macrozamia	41	Australia	dioecious palm-like herbs or "trees"
info G	Cycadales	Zamiaceae	Lepidozamia	2	N.E. Australia	dioecious palm-like herbs or "trees"
info G	Cycadales	Zamiaceae	Encephalartos	65	tropical and S. Africa	dioecious palm-like herbs or "trees"
info G	Cycadales	Zamiaceae	Stangeria	1	S. Africa	dioecious palm-like herbs or "trees"
info G	Cycadales	Zamiaceae	Ceratozamia	26	Mexico and Central America	dioecious palm-like herbs or "trees"
info G	Cycadales	Zamiaceae	Microcycas	1	W. Cuba	dioecious palm-like herbs or "trees"
info G	Cycadales	Zamiaceae	Zamia	68	tropical and warm Americas	dioecious palm-like herbs or "trees"
info F	Ginkgoales	Ginkgoaceae	1	1	E. China	deciduous resinous, dioecious treesor evergreen shrubs to trees
info G	Ginkgoales	Ginkgoaceae	Ginkgo	1	E. China	deciduous resinous, dioecious treesor evergreen shrubs to trees
info F	Gnetales	Welwitschiaceae	1	1	S.W. Africa	herbs with underground caudex with two long leaves
info G	Gnetales	Welwitschiaceae	Welwitschia	1	S.W. Africa	herbs with underground caudex with two long leaves
info F	Gnetales	Gnetaceae	1	41	pantropical	vines, rarely shrubs to trees
info G	Gnetales	Gnetaceae	Gnetum	38	pantropical	vines, rarely shrubs to trees
info F	Gnetales	Ephedraceae	1	70	North warm temperate areas, W. South America; drier habitats	xeromorphic shrubs, vines, or small trees
info G	Gnetales	Ephedraceae	Ephedra	50	North warm temperate areas, W. South America; drier habitats	xeromorphic shrubs, vines, or small trees
info F	Pinales	Pinaceae	11	255	N. hemisphere (temperate, cold, warm, mountains) and S.E. Asia	resinous, monoecious trees or rarely shrubs
info G	Pinales	Pinaceae	Cedrus	4	N. Africa, subtropical Asia	resinous, monoecious trees
info G	Pinales	Pinaceae	Pinus	110	N. temperate to South America, Indonesia	resinous, monoecious trees or rarely shrubs
info G	Pinales	Pinaceae	Cathaya	1	China	resinous, monoecious trees
info G	Pinales	Pinaceae	Picea	34	cool N. hemisphere	resinous, monoecious trees or rarely shrubs
	Pinales	Pinaceae	Picea	Picea omorika	Balkan pennisula, Serbia, Bosnia	resinous, monoecious trees
info G	Pinales	Pinaceae	Pseudotsuga	4	E. Asia and W. North America	resinous, monoecious trees
info G	Pinales	Pinaceae	Larix	10	cool N. hemisphere	resinous, monoecious trees
info G	Pinales	Pinaceae	Pseudolarix	1	China	resinous, monoecious trees or shrubs
info G	Pinales	Pinaceae	Tsuga	9	temperate N. America and E. Asia	resinous, monoecious trees
info G	Pinales	Pinaceae	Nothotsuga	1	China	resinous, monoecious trees
info G	Pinales	Pinaceae	Keteleeria	2	S. China, S.E. Asia	resinous, monoecious trees
info G	Pinales	Pinaceae	Abies	46	N. teperate areas, S.E. Asia, C. America	everygreen monoecios or dioecious trees
info F	Pinales	Araucariaceae	4	39	S. hemisphere and Philliphines, not in Africa	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Araucariaceae	Araucaria	19	Australasia, S. America	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Araucariaceae	Wollemia	1	Australia	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Araucariaceae	Agathis	19	Australasia	everygreen, resinous, usually dioecious trees or rarely shrubs
info F	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	20	199	S. hemisphere and partially tropical N. hemisphere	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Dacrydium	22	S.E. Asia to New Zaeland	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Podocarpus	113	S. temperate areas, E. Asia, West Indies	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Phyllocladus	5	S.E. Asia, Australasia	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Lepidothamnus	3	Holantarctis	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Prumnopitys	9	Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, South America to Costa Rica	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Sundacarpus	1	Australia and Malesia	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Halocarpus	3	New Zealand	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Parasitaxus	1	New Caledonia	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Lagarostrobos	1	Tasmania	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Manoao	1	New Zealand	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Saxegothaea	1	S. Chile and Argentina	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Microcachrys	1	Tasmania	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Pherosphaera	2	Australia	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Acmopyle	2	New Caledonia, Fiji	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Dacrycarpus	11	S. E. Asia, Malesia, to New Zealand	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Falcatifolium	6	Malesia to New Caledonia	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Retrophyllum	5	New Guinea to New Caledonia, South America	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Nageia	6	S. and S. E. Asia to Japan, Malesia	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Afrocarpus	5	Africa	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Podocarpaceae	Margbensonia	1	Malesia	everygreen monoecios tree
info F	Pinales	Sciadopityaceae	1	1	C. and S. Japan	everygreen monoecios tree
info G	Pinales	Sciadopityaceae	Sciadopitys	1	C. and S. Japan	everygreen monoecios or dioecious trees or shrubs
info F	Pinales	Cupressaceae	32	166	worldwide	everygreen tree
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Cunninghamia	1	China, Vietnam, Laos	everygreen tree
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Taiwania	2	China and S.E. Asia	everygreen tree
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Athrotaxis	2	Tasmania	deciduous tree
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Metasequoia	1	China	everygreen tree
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Sequoia	1	W. North America	everygreen tree
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Sequoiadendron	1	Sierra Nevada (California)	everygreen tree
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Cryptomeria	1	China and Japan	everygreen tree
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Glyptostrobus	1	China, Vietnam	deciduous tree
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Taxodium	2	E. North America, Mexico	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Papuacedrus	1	New Guinea and eastern Moluccas	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Austrocedrus	1	mountains of S. Chile and S. Argentina	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Libocedrus	6	New Zealand, New Caledonia, Chile and Argentina	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Pilgerodendron	1	mountains of S. Chile and S. Argentina	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Widdringtonia	4	S. Africa	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Diselma	1	Tasmania	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Fitzroya	1	S. Chile and S. Argentina	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Callitris	16	Australia and New Caledonia	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Actinostrobus	3	W. Australia	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Neocallitropsis	1	New Caledonia	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Thujopsis	1	Japan	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Thuja	5	N. America, E. Asia	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Fokienia	1	China, Vietnam	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Chamaecyparis	5	E. Asie, N. America	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Cupressus	25	Cool north temperate regions to the northern subtropics	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Juniperus	50	N. hemisphere, one in mountains of E. Africa	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Calocedrus	4	W. North America, China, S.E. Asia	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Tetraclinis	1	W. Meditarranean	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Platycladus	1	E. Asia	shrubs
info G	Pinales	Cupressaceae	Microbiota	1	E. Russia	resinous or nonresinous,dioecious or monoecious trees or shrubs
info F	Pinales	Taxaceae	6	31	N. America, N. Africa, Eurasia to S.E. Asia	everygreen trees
info G	Pinales	Taxaceae	Austrotaxus	1	New Caledonia	everygreen shrub
info G	Pinales	Taxaceae	Pseudotaxus	1	China	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Taxaceae	Taxus	9	N. temperate areas and S.E. Asia	everygreen shrubs
info G	Pinales	Taxaceae	Cephalotaxus	6	E. Himalayas to Japan	everygreen shrubs or trees
info G	Pinales	Taxaceae	Amentotaxus	4	China	everygreen trees or shrubs
info G	Pinales	Taxaceae	Torreya	7	E. Asia, USA

• Number in column “Genus” denote number of genera in family and number in “Species” denote number of species within genus.
• Records in Italics denote the rows of species with gallery of images accessible by click on the image (not available yet).
• System is following that prepared by Christenhusz et al (2011). Number of genera and species of families, list of genera, and number of species of each genus is based on The Plant List 1.1 or Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, ver. 13 (thus sometimes the number differes one from another). Information regarding distribution of families and genera are retrieved in most cases from Simpson (2010) or Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, ver. 13. Columbea included into Araucaria, Cupressaceae according to Christenhusz et al (2011). For current system please check Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, for names Catalogue of Life.