Evolution of Plants

Evolution of land plants (Embryophyta)

Evolution of land plants

Info to cladogram

• Extinct lineages are not shown.
• Phylogeny was prepared according to Leliaert et al., 2016.
• Years are medians of years summarized by Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, version 13 and in Leliaert et al. 2016.
• Only selected “morphological” apomorphies are presented.

Links

• endosymbiosis – Keeling, 2010
• stem ages for genera of main goups of Embryophyta – Figure 1 in  Laenen et al., 2014.

Deepest branches in the evolutionary tree

• summarized are by Cavalier-Smith, 2010a

Classification of the Cyanobacteria

Info to cladogram

• Extinct lineages are not shown.
• Phylogeny was prepared according to Komárek et al. 2014.
• Ultrastructural patterns of thylakoids and apomorphies of Nostocales are presented (Komárek et al. 2014.).

Other life with aerobic photosynthesis

• secondary (and tertiary) endosymbiosys – Cavalier-Smith, 2010b
  • Euglenozoa in Protozoa
  • several clades of Chromista